Expanding single and double brackets

Expand a single bracket using the distributive property, expand two linear brackets (FOIL) and collect like terms, and recognise the perfect-square and difference-of-squares patterns.

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Learning objective overview

Master Teaching Guide coverage for this objective.

Current NZC (2007)
  • NA5-7
  • NA4-7
New NZC (2026)
  • NZC26-P4-ALG-ER-K-Y10-06

Resources

Terminology

  • distributive property
  • FOIL (First, Outer, Inner, Last)
  • like terms
  • expand
  • leading coefficient
  • perfect square
  • difference of squares

Task goals

  • Expand a single bracket with a positive or negative multiplier, e.g. $4(x+3)$ or $-3(y-5)$.
  • Expand a single bracket and collect an outside like term, e.g. $3(x+2)+4x$ or $6(x-2)-3x$.
  • Expand a single bracket with a coefficient inside, e.g. $2(3x+5)$ or $4(2x-3)$.
  • Expand and collect two separate single-bracket terms, e.g. $2(x+5)+3(x+1)$.
  • Use single-bracket expansion in a context problem, e.g. writing the area of a rectangle with one algebraic side as an expanded expression.
  • Name the number property (distributive) that justifies a single-bracket expansion.
  • Expand two linear brackets using FOIL, e.g. $(x+4)(x+3)$ or $(x-4)(x-2)$, including a leading coefficient greater than $1$, e.g. $(2x+1)(x+3)$.
  • Use double-bracket expansion in a context problem, e.g. writing the area of a rectangle with two algebraic sides as an expanded expression.
  • Expand a double bracket and collect an extra outside like term, e.g. $(x+3)(x+2)+4x$.
  • Find a missing term in a bracket given the expanded trinomial, e.g. $(x+\square)(x+3)=x^2+7x+12$.
  • Expand a perfect square, e.g. $(x-6)^2$ or $(3x-2)^2$, and explain a common error such as $(x-6)^2=x^2+36$.
  • Expand a difference-of-squares product, e.g. $(x+7)(x-7)$ or $(2x-3)(2x+3)$, and find a missing value that makes a stated identity true.
  • Expand and simplify an expression combining two double-bracket expansions, e.g. $(x+4)(x-2)-(x-3)(x+1)$ or $(2x+1)^2-(x-3)(x+3)$.

Where this fits

What leads into this objective, and where it goes next.

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Expanding single and double brackets

Expanding single and double brackets

Know

There are specific factorising relationships that are useful to recognise: x(x + a) = x^2 + ax; difference of two squares: (x + a)(x − a) = x^2 − a^2; square of a sum: (x + a)^2 = x^2 + 2ax + a^2; square of a difference: (x − a)^2 = x^2 − 2ax + a^2.

Statement▸
Year 10 · Algebra · Equations and relationships
NZC26-P4-ALG-ER-K-Y10-06

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