Simplifying algebraic fractions

Simplify algebraic fractions by factorising the numerator and denominator first and cancelling common factors, and apply this to adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing algebraic fractions.

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Learning objective overview

Master Teaching Guide coverage for this objective.

Current NZC (2007)
  • NA6-6
New NZC (2026)
  • NZC26-P4-ALG-ER-P-Y10-01

Resources

Terminology

  • algebraic fraction
  • numerator
  • denominator
  • common factor
  • cancel
  • simplify

Task goals

  • Simplify a monomial fraction by cancelling a common numeric factor from the numerator and denominator.
  • Simplify a monomial fraction by cancelling common variable factors between the numerator and denominator, and state the value that makes it undefined.
  • Simplify a fraction by factorising a common factor out of a binomial numerator before cancelling it against the denominator.
  • Simplify a fraction by factorising both the numerator and denominator, including differences of two squares and quadratic trinomials, cancelling the shared factor, and stating any restrictions on the variable.
  • Identify and correct an incorrect simplification of an algebraic fraction, explaining the error.
  • Multiply or divide two algebraic fractions and simplify the result.
  • Add or subtract two algebraic fractions that share a common denominator.
  • Add or subtract two algebraic fractions with different denominators, factorising first where needed, and state any restrictions on the variable.

Where this fits

What leads into this objective, and where it goes next.

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Simplifying algebraic fractions

Simplifying algebraic fractions

Do

Simplifying and manipulating algebraic expressions involving sums, products, differences, and positive integer powers, by: collecting like terms; factorising using common factors; factorising quadratic expressions with a leading coefficient of 1; expanding products, including multiplying a single term by a bracketed term, and multiplying two expressions each of the form ax + b, where a and b are integers; factorising by grouping (i.e. using the distributive law) (e.g. x^2 + 2x − 8 = x^2 + 4x − 2x − 8 = x(x + 4) − 2(x + 4) = (x − 2)(x + 4))

Statement▸
Year 10 · Algebra · Equations and relationships
NZC26-P4-ALG-ER-P-Y10-01

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