Tools of chance

Task goals

• Find the theoretical probability of a simple event using a coin, die, or standard playing card, expressed as a simplified fraction.
• Use the language of chance correctly (sample space, outcome, favourable outcome, certain, impossible, likely, unlikely, even chance) and place events on a 0-1 likelihood scale.
• List or read a sample space for two combined events (two coins, or a coin and a die) and use it to find a probability.
• Distinguish mutually exclusive events from overlapping events, and independent events from dependent events, using dice and card examples.
• Find probabilities for combined and "at least one" events (sums of two dice, repeated coin flips, cards without replacement).
• Contrast theoretical probability (calculated from equally likely outcomes) with experimental probability (based on repeated trials, which can vary).