Trees/Combined Events

Read and complete probability tree diagrams for two consecutive (combined) events -- filling in missing branch probabilities and leaf outcomes -- then find a combined-event probability by multiplying along a pathway (AND) or adding qualifying pathways (OR), for both independent (with replacement) and dependent (without replacement) events.

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Te reo Māori terms

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Learning objective overview

Master Teaching Guide coverage for this objective.

Resources

  • Alpha textbook: Tree diagrams, Ex 33.06, PG 576-578
  • Dr Austin Maths - Tree Diagrams Revision Practice Grid: PDFQuestions PDF · Answers
  • Beta: Skills in Ex 33.05, pg 629
  • CorbettMaths on tree diagramsQuestions PDF · Answers

Terminology

  • Combined events
  • Tree diagram
  • Branch
  • Outcome
  • Pathway
  • With Replacement (Independent)
  • Without Replacement (Dependent)

Task goals

  • Read a fully-solved probability tree for two combined events and state the outcome and probability of a leaf, and the total number of outcomes.
  • Find the probability of a specific combined outcome by multiplying the probabilities along its pathway (the AND rule).
  • Find the probability of one of several qualifying outcomes by adding their pathway probabilities (the OR rule), including "at least one" via the complement rule (1 minus the "none" pathway).
  • Complete a tree's missing branch probabilities for independent (with-replacement) events, recognising that a later branch repeats an earlier one when trials don't affect each other.
  • Complete a tree's missing branch probabilities for dependent (without-replacement) events, recognising that a later branch's probabilities change depending on which earlier branch was taken.
  • Complete a tree's Outcome and Probability column (the dotted-lead leaf summary) for a given set of branch probabilities, and classify a scenario as independent/with replacement or dependent/without replacement.

Key skills

  • Tree diagrams
  • Combined events
  • And/or probability

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