How we get data

Explain where statistical data comes from, decide when a sample or a census is appropriate, and classify how a variable is collected -- by counting, by measuring, or by observing and placing it in a category.

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Te reo Māori terms

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Learning objective overview

Master Teaching Guide coverage for this objective.

Current NZC (2007)
  • S4-1
New NZC (2026)
  • NZC26-P4-STA-DKD-K-Y9-02
  • NZC26-P4-STA-INT-P-Y9-05
  • NZC26-P4-STA-DKD-K-Y9-08
  • NZC26-P4-STA-DKD-K-Y9-09
  • NZC26-P4-STA-DKD-P-Y10-01
  • NZC26-P4-STA-DKD-K-Y10-01
  • NZC26-P3-STA-DKD-P-Y7-01

Resources

  • Alpha textbook: “Where does data come from?”, “Sample or census”, and “The three types of data”, pg 515–516

Terminology

  • data collection
  • observation
  • questionnaire
  • survey
  • census
  • population
  • sample
  • counting
  • measuring
  • categorising

Task goals

  • Identify the different ways data can be gathered: observation, questionnaire, survey, or census.
  • Explain the difference between a sample and a census, and identify the population being studied in a given context.
  • Explain why a sample should be selected at random, and why increasing sample size generally improves reliability.
  • Classify how a piece of data was collected — by counting, by measuring, or by observing and placing it in a category — and justify the classification.
  • Choose and justify an appropriate data-collection method for a given real-world investigation scenario.

Where this fits

What leads into this objective, and where it goes next.

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How we get data

How we get data

Know

Data can be collected from observational studies in which the observers do not alter or control the behaviour of the subjects.

Statement▸
Year 9 · Statistics · Developing knowledge from data
NZC26-P4-STA-DKD-K-Y9-02
Do

Evaluating findings and data-collection methods to check whether claims or statements are supported by the data

Statement▸
Year 9 · Statistics · Interpretation of data
NZC26-P4-STA-INT-P-Y9-05

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