Applying Pythagoras’ theory and trigonometry to 3D shapes

Apply Pythagoras' theorem and trigonometric ratios together to solve problems involving distances, angles, and heights in three-dimensional shapes, recognising when to use two-step methods.

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Learning objective overview

Master Teaching Guide coverage for this objective.

Current NZC (2007)
  • GM6-6
New NZC (2026)
  • NZC26-P4-MEA-MEA-P-Y10-10

Resources

Terminology

  • space diagonal
  • face diagonal
  • cuboid
  • 3D shape
  • Pythagoras' theorem
  • trigonometric ratio
  • sine
  • cosine
  • tangent
  • angle to the base

Task goals

  • Find face diagonals of rectangular faces in 3D shapes using Pythagoras' theorem.
  • Calculate space diagonals of cuboids using a two-step method combining Pythagoras applications.
  • Use trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine, tangent) to find heights or angles when given a sloping line and one other measurement.
  • Solve multi-step 3D problems that require both Pythagoras' theorem and trigonometry to reach the final answer.
  • Identify which right triangle to use in a 3D context and determine whether the angle is measured from the base or vertical.
  • Justify solutions using both exact values and decimal approximations, recognising when early rounding affects the final answer.

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Applying Pythagoras’ theory and trigonometry to 3D shapes

Applying Pythagoras’ theory and trigonometry to 3D shapes

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