Surds -- simplifying, multiplying, dividing, and adding/subtracting

Simplify surds using the largest perfect-square factor, multiply and divide surds by combining under one root, add and subtract like surds, and rationalise a denominator.

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Te reo Māori terms

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Learning objective overview

Master Teaching Guide coverage for this objective.

Current NZC (2007)
  • NA5-2
New NZC (2026)
  • NZC26-P4-NUM-NSO-P-Y10-05
  • NZC26-P4-ALG-ER-K-Y10-03
  • NZC26-P4-NUM-NSO-K-Y10-05
  • NZC26-P4-NUM-NSO-P-Y9-07
  • NZC26-P4-NUM-NSO-K-Y10-06

Resources

Terminology

  • Surd
  • Radicand
  • Simplify
  • Rationalise
  • Like surds
  • Perfect square

Task goals

  • Identify whether a number is a surd (an irrational root left in exact form).
  • Simplify a surd by finding its largest perfect-square factor.
  • Multiply and divide surds by combining them under one root, then simplify.
  • Add and subtract like surds (matching radicand) by collecting them as like terms.
  • Rationalise the denominator of a fraction containing a surd.

Where this fits

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Surds -- simplifying, multiplying, dividing, and adding/subtracting

Surds -- simplifying, multiplying, dividing, and adding/subtracting

Do

Approximately locating roots on the number line with reference to the closest perfect square (e.g. √48 is between √36 = 6 and √49 = 7, but closer to 7)

Statement▸
Year 9 · Number · Number structures and operations
NZC26-P4-NUM-NSO-P-Y9-07

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