Factors, Highest Common Factors & Primes

List factors, identify primes, find HCFs, and use prime factor decompositions in product and index form.

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Learning objective overview

Master Teaching Guide coverage for this objective.

Current NZC (2007)
  • NA5-2
New NZC (2026)
  • NZC26-P4-ALG-ER-P-Y9-01
  • NZC26-P3-NUM-NSO-K-Y7-05
  • NZC26-P3-NUM-NSO-K-Y7-06
  • NZC26-P3-NUM-NSO-P-Y7-06
  • NZC26-P3-NUM-NSO-P-Y7-07

Resources

Terminology

  • factor
  • common factor
  • highest common factor
  • prime number
  • composite number
  • divisible
  • factor pair
  • prime factor
  • factor tree
  • product form
  • index form

Task goals

  • List all the factors of a whole number systematically in factor pairs so none are missed.
  • Decide whether a number is prime or composite, knowing that $1$ is not prime and $2$ is the only even prime.
  • List the factors of two numbers, compare the lists to find their common factors, and identify the highest common factor (HCF).
  • Check whether a stated factor, common factor, or HCF is correct, and explain any error.
  • Use a factor tree to write a whole number as a product of prime factors, in both repeated-product and index form.
  • Solve a reasoning problem that uses factor counts, such as finding a number in a given range with an exact number of factors.

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Factors, Highest Common Factors & Primes

Factors, Highest Common Factors & Primes

Know

Whole numbers greater than zero are either prime, composite, or the number 1. A prime number has exactly two distinct factors: 1 and the number itself.; A composite number has more than two distinct factors.; 1 is neither prime nor composite.

Statement▸
Year 7 · Number · Number structures and operations
NZC26-P3-NUM-NSO-K-Y7-05
Know

The highest common factor (HCF) of two numbers is the greatest number that is a factor of both the numbers.

Statement▸
Year 7 · Number · Number structures and operations
NZC26-P3-NUM-NSO-K-Y7-06

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