Gradient of tangents on curves

Estimate the gradient of a curve at a point from the tangent line on its graph, and use whether that gradient is positive, negative, or zero to describe where the curve rises and falls and to classify its turning points.

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Te reo Māori terms

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Learning objective overview

Master Teaching Guide coverage for this objective.

Resources

Terminology

  • tangent
  • gradient
  • curve
  • steeper
  • turning point
  • stationary point
  • maximum
  • minimum
  • point of inflection
  • increasing
  • decreasing
  • interval
  • gradient function
  • gradient sign diagram

Task goals

  • Estimate the gradient of a curve at a stated x-value by reading the rise and run of the tangent line already drawn on the graph.
  • Recognise that the tangent at a turning point is horizontal and state that the gradient there is zero.
  • Compare the tangent gradients at two different points on a curve and say which is steeper, which is more positive, and which is more negative.
  • Sketch an approximate tangent at a marked point on a quadratic or cubic and estimate its gradient from that sketch.
  • State the intervals of x on which a graphed function is increasing or decreasing, equivalently where f'(x) > 0 and where f'(x) < 0.
  • Read from a graph the x-values at which the gradient takes a given value, including listing every x-value where f'(x) = 0.
  • Locate all stationary points on a graphed curve, state the gradient at each, and classify each as a maximum, a minimum, or a point of inflection.
  • Describe in words or with a gradient sign diagram how the gradient of a curve changes across its domain, and explain why the gradient differs between two given points.

Key skills

  • Estimate gradient from tangent line
  • Identify zero gradient at turning point
  • Compare gradients at two points
  • Sketch tangent and estimate gradient
  • Determine increasing decreasing intervals
  • Locate and classify stationary points
  • Interpret gradient sign diagram

Quick stats

  • 81 total questions
  • 3 difficulty levels
  • Answers included